1 variety selection
Choose pepper varieties such as Qijiao 5, Qijiao 2, Hangjiao 5, Ganke 16 and so on.
2 cultivate strong seedlings
2.1 Preparation before nursery
The nutrient soil is prepared by using the fertile garden soil without pests and the high-quality farmyard manure (the mushroom mushroom rod is better), and the mixture is finely sieved and mixed in a ratio of 3:1 or 2:1, and the phosphate is added to the nutrient soil. Ammonium 15 ~ 30kg / m3 and potassium sulfate 7.5kg / m3 (grass ash 75kg / m3) mixed evenly. It is spray-sterilized with 50% carbendazim WP 400-500 times. After disinfection, it is sealed with a film and sealed for about 1 week. Generally, the seedbed is made of flat 1.2m wide and 10cm above the ground. The length depends on the amount. The bottom water is poured for 3~5d before sowing.
2.2 nursery time
Seedlings are planted in mid-July and planted in mid-September.
2.3 soaking seeds and germination
The purpose of seed treatment is to kill the spores and dormant bodies of the harmful pathogens carried on the surface of the seeds as well as the pest eggs. The treated seeds on the surface of the seeds after sowing will further kill the pathogens, eggs and seeds in the soil of the seed Zhou Guo. Pests ensure seed safe emergence and seedling stage from pests and diseases. The amount used is 1.8~2.25kg/hm.
2. Before planting
Dry the seeds, then put them into hot water at 50-55 °C, kill the seed epidermis, and then stir with a small wooden stick in one direction. After the water temperature drops to 30 °C, soak for 6-8 hours, then add more After soaking for 30min, the fungus or chlorothalonil is soaked for 30min, then the seeds are washed clean, wrapped with wet gauze, wrapped in plastic bag, placed under the condition of 25 ~ 28 °C to germination, turn the seeds at any time, so that the seeds are evenly heated, daily Rinse with warm water for 1 or 2 times, germination after 4 to 5 days, until 70% of the seeds are white and can be sown. The coated seeds do not need to be processed.
2.4 bed construction with soil
The bed soil should be mixed with sifting garden soil and fully fermented farmyard manure, mixed with 50% carbendazim powder 120-150g/hm2, 2/3 of the soil applied to the seedbed, 1/3 of the soil cover .
2.5 sowing
Spread from late July to mid-August, pour enough water on the seedbed, lay a layer of nutrient soil about 3cm thick, and then sprinkle water. After the water has been infiltrated, mix the seeds with the previously sifted grass ash to make the seeds evenly spread. uniform. Sprinkle the seeds on the nutrient soil, and then cover the soil with a layer of 1cm thick nutrient soil. If the soil is too thin, the seed will “wear a hat” phenomenon. If the soil is too thick, the seedlings will be unearthed slowly, and there will be a rotten phenomenon. Unsuccessful emergence. After covering the soil, the mulch is covered, and the grass is lightly covered with some grass to cover the shade. At night, the small arch shed can be used for heat preservation.
2.6 seedbed management
During the daytime, the temperature is controlled at about 25 °C. When 70% of the seedlings are emerged, the mulch film is removed and a small arch shed is placed. The shed film is often scrubbed to increase the light. When the temperature is highest during the day, use a shade net to cover the shade, the bed temperature should not exceed 30 ° C, and the cover should be uncovered on cloudy days to prevent the seedlings from growing.
2.7 seedling management
2.7.1 When the seedlings have a true leaf, it is necessary to remove the weak seedlings and remove the weeds.
2.7.2 Seedlings When seedlings 2 to 3 true leaves, use nutrient mash to separate seedlings, and fill the prepared nutritious soil into nutritious glutinous rice. The seedlings are too small to be easy to handle, and too large to affect flower bud differentiation. Choose sunny day morning to divide the seedlings, pour enough water when seedlings, try to bring more soil, do not hurt the roots. While digging and planting, each nutrient is divided into two seedlings, the large seedlings are equipped with large seedlings, and the seedlings are matched with small seedlings. There must be a certain distance between the two seedlings. The seedlings are planted into the sputum and the soil is slightly pressed. It is better to not bury the cotyledons in the depth and depth. After pouring the carbendazim or chlorothalonil medicinal solution, pour enough water to hang the shed. , buckle the small arch shed, keep high temperature and high humidity, in order to facilitate slow seedlings. After 3 days, the seedlings were not ventilated, and the fourth day began to gradually ventilate from small to large.
2.7.3 Temperature management The temperature requirements of pepper seedlings are relatively high, 25 to 30 ° C during the day and 20 to 22 ° C during the night.
2.7.4 Light Management Peppers are low-light-resistant vegetables in solanaceous vegetables. If the light intensity is too high, the photosynthesis will no longer increase, and the respiration intensity will increase due to the increase of temperature. The wintering 茬 pepper will be seedling in mid-July, and the light intensity will be too high. Shading should be used for shading. In order to prevent the seedlings from growing up, not aging, it is not suitable to be placed in a dark and humid place after the seedlings. Humidity will cause the seedlings to rot and die.
2.7.5 Before the seedlings are planted, the seedlings are to be rehydrated 10 to 15 days before the seedlings are planted. Under the condition of no watering, all the coverings are removed and fully trained under natural conditions. Such seedlings are immediately watered after planting. There is almost no slow seedling phenomenon.
3 site preparation
3.1 greenhouse disinfection
High temperature shed sterilization before planting.
3.2 Soil preparation and fertilization
Fine land preparation, apply enough base fertilizer. Apply high-quality farmyard manure 75000～90000kg/hm2, oil residue 3000kg/hm2, urea 465kg/hm2, diammonium phosphate 525kg/hm2, potassium sulfate 645kg/hm2, deep tillage and flattening after fertilization, ridge, north and south ridge, ridge width 60cm The ridge height is 15-20cm, the ditch width is 50cm, and the ridge is 10~15cm. The water is drained in the dark ditch to see if there is water leakage.
3.3 transplanting
When the seedlings reach the standard of strong seedlings, they should be planted early to raise the morning market and increase the output in the early stage. In mid-September, choose sunny day transplanting and planting in the morning. When planting, the row spacing is 40cm, the plant spacing is 25~30cm, 2 rows per ridge planting, 2 plants per row, 2 rows of ridges are planted, the nutrient meal is removed, and the seedlings are directly soiled. Planted into the hole. The soil is flush with the ridge surface, first pouring the poisonous liquid, then watering the hole, smoothing the seedling, planting the water after planting, covering the membrane about 1 week after planting, covering the ridge and the furrow, and covering the membrane The seedlings were ruptured and placed at a seedling density of 37,500 to 45,000 plants/hm2.
4 post-plant management
4.1 Temperature Management
The shed temperature in the daytime before and after planting slow seedlings is controlled at 28~30°C, and 17~20°C at night to promote slow seedlings, dehumidification in the morning, no more than 30°C in the slow seedling period, and no daytime after the seedling period to the flowering fruit setting period. Controlled at 28 ° C, more than 30 ° C will fall a lot of flowers, plant growth is slow, no flowering when the daytime temperature is lower than 10 ° C, longer than 21 ° C for a long time, the disease is serious, the night temperature is lower than 6 ° C when the flower falls.
4.2 Lighting Management
Overwintering 茬 pepper growth period has to go through a long period of severe cold winter, short sunshine hours, weak light is the main factor affecting plant growth and fruit development, increasing light is the main stimulation measures, often wipe the shed film, with sunshine The number is gradually increasing, the straw curtains should be uncovered early, and the grass curtains should be uncovered on cloudy days to allow the plants to see the light at the right time and extend the time of seeing light.
4.3 Water and fertilizer management
Due to the shallow root system, the pepper has poor ability to absorb water and fertilizer. After 10 to 15 days after planting, the water is poured once, and the pepper begins to expand. After the pepper is placed, the second water is poured. After each picking, the water is poured once, and the soil is kept moist. The water is not watered on cloudy days to increase the humidity. Topdressing and watering are carried out at the same time. The fertilizer is immersed in the barrel for 1~2d in advance. When watering, the head is evenly smashed with water, and the water is flushed into the line, and each line is evenly fertilized, and each plant is evenly fertilized. Urea application 20.5kg / hm2, diammonium phosphate 40.5kg / hm2, potassium sulfate 22.8kg / hm2, if the plant has a prosperous phenomenon, spray paclobutrazol.
4.4 straw curtain management
The longer the sunshine time in the greenhouse, the brighter the light in the shed, the better the plant growth, the higher the yield. If the curtain is not exposed all day, the temperature in the shed can only continue to be lowered. By the next day, the temperature in the shed will be It is lower than the previous day. If the plants are not visible, they will not be able to carry out photosynthesis and cannot grow. Therefore, the plants will start to yellow in 2~3d, and it is difficult to achieve high yield. Even if the sky is cloudy, the snow will be uncovered. Every morning at 9:00, the curtain will be uncovered, and at 5:00 pm, the curtain will be covered, and the snow film will be covered to raise the night temperature. Even the cloudy and snowy days will suddenly turn sunny, and the temperature of the light will change greatly. Plants with weak physiological activities in the weather can not adapt to such an environment, causing physiology dysfunction of plants, and the transpiration of vegetable leaves is increasing rapidly. However, because the ground temperature rises very slowly, the transpiration water is not replenished, so that the leaves are quickly wilted, if not taken in time. The measures have developed from temporary wilting to persistent wilting, and when they are severe, they die (called "flash seedlings"). Take the interval to clear the curtain, so that the plants can gradually adapt. If it is wilting, spray some water, then release the curtain. After the plantation is restored, remove the straw curtain. After 2~3 days, it can enter the normal management. If the night temperature is low, the curtain can be opened early. When the height is too high, the curtain can be postponed and it should be flexible.
5 plant adjustment
5.1 pruning
During the prosperous period of pepper growth, the foliage is luxuriant, affecting the light effect, and the yield is reduced. The pruning should be carried out. The pruning includes three-bar pruning and four-bar pruning.
5.2 snoring
Do not fight before flowering, snoring is not conducive to root growth, prone to premature aging, the lower side branches of the door pepper are all destroyed, the result is timely removal of old leaves, yellow leaves, diseased leaves, improve ventilation and light conditions.
6 pest control
Adhere to the principle of "prevention first, comprehensive prevention". Strict disinfection of soil and seeds, enhancement of light, adjustment of suitable temperature, reduction of humidity, enhancement of water and fertilizer management, improvement of stress resistance and other measures to prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases.
6.1 main diseases
6.1.1 Viral disease with virus spirit or hydrochloric acid bismuth copper spray control.
6.1.2 Powdery mildew is treated with 10% Shigao wettable powder 1500 times liquid or 12.5% clear mushroom 1000 times liquid spray.
6.1.3 Blight, gray mold, leaf mold, blight with 70% mancozeb wettable powder 400 ~ 600 times liquid or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 800 ~ 1000 times liquid spray control, also available Scopolamine, chlorothalonil, and Rydmir smoke.
6.2 Pests
Aphids, whitefly, and leaf miner are controlled by acetamiprid and Zhongbao tooth without spray, and can also be scented with 15% isopropyl salt. The above drugs are used alternately to avoid drug resistance, and the smoke agent is ignited after the grass curtain is covered.
7 harvest
The pepper should be removed in time to avoid affecting plant growth and other fruit growth. When the fruit grows up sufficiently, the skin color is dark green, and when the peel is hard and shiny, it is harvested in time. Harvesting is best carried out in the morning, the temperature in the morning is low, the water content of the pepper is sufficient, it is easy to transport after harvesting, it is not easy to be wilted, and the fallen leaves are cleaned after harvesting.
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